• Overview

                  Substitution is an additional form of research culminating in a degree, and it aims
                  to encourage IGSEans’ academic and professional activities. Instead of writing a
                  thesis or project, students can 1) publish a book (ELT teaching/learning materials,
                  theory books, etc.), 2) make two academic presentations at an ELT conference, 3)
                  publish an academic paper in a reviewed journal, 4) develop a curriculum and run
                  the program at an institute, or 5) create and run an ELT website or launch a smart-
                  phone application.